Chiricahua Carlisle
This photograph of eleven youngsters and teenagers prior to their first day of school at Carlisle Indian School in November 1886 depicts a gloomy era in Native American history. The Carlisle Indian School was an attempt by the US government to assimilate Native American students into Western culture and appearance. The Chiricahua people, who were nomads and part of the Apache tribe, were adept warriors noted for their resilience and were regarded as the most warlike of the Arizona nations. The chilly, snowy landscape of Pennsylvania, where the Carlisle school was located, was a long cry from their desert homes.
Chiricahua Carlisle
Lummi Woman
A Lummi woman, wearing traditional jewelry, stares off-camera at a distant point. Her country, the Lummi, was known for its maritime prowess and its formal name, Lhaq’temish, which translates literally to “People of the Sea.” For about a thousand years, the tribe has traveled the Washington area as nomads. For years, trade links with early Asian and European explorers continued strong until the United States government designated Lummi territory for mineral and supply exploitation. The Lummi of today live in the same area and have revived the majority of their customs.
Lummi Woman
